The lab hosted an outreach event - 'Build a new world!' with the Science Museum as part of the Great Exhibition Road Festival in London. James, Sonia, Laura and Anastasia ran an activity with children and their family members introducing how microbes might survive (and even thrive) on a new planet. Members of the public learnt about exoplanets and matched the characteristics of certain exoplanets with extremophiles that might tolerate certain conditions - such as halophiles on Europa, and psychrophiles on Mars. Throughout the day we spoke with hundreds of children and their family members, who left with a miniature model of their 'new world' and enthusiasm about the possibility of extraterrestrial life!

We are seeking a postdoc to investigate seasonal changes to Arctic soil microbial communities, using data already generated from multiple year-round Arctic field campaigns by the ongoing NERC & NSF-funded SUN SPEARS project.
You will:

• Analyze genomic data (amplicon sequencing libraries, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes) to explore the structure, diversity, function, and activity of Arctic soil microbial communities.
• Integrate the biological findings with soil geochemical and geophysical data.
• Work closely with PI James Bradley (QMUL, UK), Steve Schmidt (CU Boulder, USA) and collaborators to lead the analyses of existing (immediately available) and emerging data from the project.

Location: London, UK
Fixed term: 16 months (extension subject to start date and available funds)
Closing date: 11 July 2023
Contact: Dr James Bradley ([email protected])
Apply: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/jobs/vacancies/items/8542.html

James and Laura are in Svalbard for fieldwork, in support of James' ongoing SUN SPEARS project (seasonal processes in Arctic soils) Laura's PhD (biological and bioenergetic connectivity between glaciers and the atmosphere). They are joined by Mark Fox-Powell from the OU.

The Bradley lab welcomes two new students:

Laura Molares Moncayo joins us from Paris, where she completed a MSc in Systems Biology, Genomics and Computational Biology at the École Normale Supérieure. She Her PhD will investigate the role of the atmosphere in shaping and sustaining microbial communities on Arctic glaciers.

Jess Caughtry joins us from the European Space Agency and starts a PhD project investigating sulfur-rich icey environments on Earth as an analogue to Europa astrobiology. Her primary supervisor is Louisa Preston at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory.

James is a co-author on a new paper in Microbiology led by André Soares cataloguing the global bacterial diversity of the terrestrial subsurface. Read the paper here!

Glacier and ice sheet host diverse communities of microorganisms who thrive on the ice surface despite numerous stresses including freeze-thaw cycles, high UV irradiance, resource limitation and freezing temperatures. Some microbes become 'dormant' to cope with stress - persisting in a reversible state of low metabolic activity. But despite dormancy being common in nature, its prevalence is largely unknown on glaciers. In 2019 we went to Greenland & Iceland to study melting glacier surfaces, their microbes, and measured dormancy responses. We used BONCAT incubations, amplicon and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and ecological modelling to investigate active and dormant microbes and state-switching responses. We found that glacier surface microbial communities are comprised of both active and inactive organisms, which are capable of state-switching on timescales similar to the freeze–thaw cycles experienced on glacier surfaces. The fast state-switching responses may be particularly important considering future climate change - since short but extreme warming events (e.g. during winter) might trigger reactivation of dormant microbes & alter the structure, functioning and carbon cycling of these systems.

Read the paper here:
Bradley J, Trivedi C, Winkel M, Mourot R, Lutz S, Larose C, Keuschnig C, Doting E, Halbach L, Zervas A, Anesio A, Benning L. (2023) Active and dormant microorganisms on glacier surfaces. Geobiology. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12535

How much of Earth's organic carbon is buried in ocean sediments? And how much stays 'buried'?

Quantifying the organic carbon sink in marine sediments is crucial for assessing how the marine carbon cycle regulates Earth’s climate. We argue that Burial efficiency (BE) – the commonly-used metric reporting the percentage of organic carbon that becomes 'buried', is loosely defined, misleading, and inconsistent. We use a global diagenetic model to highlight vastly different BE’s depending on sediment depth or age horizons used to calculate BE. Instead, we propose using transfer efficiencies (Teff’s) for quantifying sediment OC burial. This metric requires precise specification of spatial or temporal references, and emphasizes that OC degradation continues beyond these horizons. Ultimately, quantifying OC burial with precise sediment-depth and sediment-age-resolved metrics will enable a more consistent and transferable assessment of OC fluxes through the Earth system.

The open access paper is available here:

Bradley J° Hülse D°, LaRowe D, Arndt S (2022) Transfer Efficiency of Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35112-9 (°co-first authors)

James is co-author on a new study led by Laura Halbach (Aarhus University) investigating pigment signatures of algal communities and their implications for glacier surface darkening.

Halbach L, Chevrollier L, Doting E, Cook J, Jensen M, Benning L, Bradley J, Hansen M, Lund-Hansen L, Markager S, Sorrell B, Tranter M, Trivedi T, Winkel M, Anesio A. (2022) Pigment signatures of algal communities and their implications for glacier surface darkening. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22271-4

James and Margaret are in Svalbard, together with Carlo Cardellini (University of Perugia, Italy) and Francesco Montemagno (University of Naples Frederico II, Italy), to study the impact of permafrost thaw on ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical fluxes. We are focussing on seven sites spanning Bayelva river to Midtre Lovénbreen glacier forefield, near the settlement of Ny-Ålesund. The project is in collaboration with Donato Giovannelli (University of Naples Frederico II, Italy) and funded by the Natural Environment Research Council's Arctic Access Scheme.

James is co-author on a paper 'The biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in surface topsoil' published in Earth System Science Data investigating the fungal to bacterial ratio in terrestrial settings globally. 

Yu K, Hoogen J, Wang Z, Averill C, Routh D, Smith G, Drenovsky R, Scow K, Mo F, Waldrop M, Yang Y, Vries F, Bardgett R, Manning P, Bastida F, Baer S, Bach E, García C, Wang Q, Ma L, Chen B, Ye J, Teurlincx S, Heijboer A, Bradley J, Crowther T. (2022) The biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in surface topsoil. Earth System Science Data. doi: 10.5194/essd-14-4339-2022